# 4 Self Report - Pedagogical Contents

PEDAGOGICAL CONTENTS

4.1.       Teaching Methods

Based on the K to 12 curriculum, the teaching system in USHS is Student-centered learning or student-centered learning is an approach to education focusing on the needs of the students, rather than those of others involved in the educational process, such as teachers. In USHS, school starts at 07.30 am, so all the students have to be in their respective class before that time. Before starting the class, teachers have to do the basic routinities for the class management, such as: greetings, checking the class attendance, ask one student to lead the prayers, and give instruction to the students to check the cleanliness of the class.  The teachers also have different rules, teaching styles and classroom management, mostly the teaching style are different between grades, adjusting to the age and mentality of the students. As for the physics teacher, his main rule is “Respect the speaker.” So he makes sure that while there is someone speaking (it can be the teacher or student who is answering question or reading the sentences in power point), the class have to pay attention to that person. The teachers in USHS use different methods in their class according to the class and subject’s needs. For example, in physics, the teacher using 5E methods that is divided into five steps: engage, explore, explain, extend, evaluate while the English teachers use  communicative learning teaching approach, and Eclectical approach which can be divided into some steps: 

1. Motivation : giving local example and connect to the real-life view, 
2. Discussion : interaction between teacher and students which as the apperception to further lesson
3. Generalizations : explanation of the materials in theoretically, 
4. Application : connect the previous theoritic explanation to the way the theory could be implemented and the way the lesson could be applied in the real-life problem
5. Evaluation: giving some questions to know the students' understanding.

4.2.       Learning Materials and Innovation

The materials the teachers use are different, according to the objectives in that meeting, but the teacher mainly using power points. In physics, teachers used different properties for simple demostration to explain the physics theories and materials. It also could be made into a competition or riddles about the topic, like how to make an equilibrium system by using a fork, spoon, toothpick and a glass, anyone who can succeed will receive more bonus points.

4.3.       Sources of Learning and Technology

Teachers in USHS mostly using power point and give hands-out to the students for giving their materials. For Physics teacher, he used power point for the explanation parts in daily lesson, and at the end of the unit (before the students had unit test) he would give his hands-out, so students can study better for their unit test. Although it's rare for my cooperating teacher to bring his book to the class (He had already extracted the materials and questions from the book to the power point before to get more conducive and effective lesson ),  he told the students about the book they need to have and use  in the lesson orientation.

The book my cooperating teacher uses

In class, they have all projector, projector screen and speakers, so every class were like an audiovisual room.

4.4.       Authentic Assessment 

The subject's authentic assessment still based on the general grading and evaluation. The way of evaluating also can be different for each subject, but for Physics, the teacher mainly used quizzes, calculating problem solving tasks, unit tests, presentation tasks, midterm and final test. All of the scores were being recorded in the class record to be calculated afterwards.